Mughal empire ap world
AP World 3 - Islamic Land-Based Empires
Historical Developments
Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade to establish large empires in both hemispheres. Land empires included the Manchu in Central and East Asia; the Mughal in South and Central Asia; the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East.
State rivalries:
- Safavid–Mughal conflict
- Songhai Empire’s conflict with Morocco
Recruitment and use of bureaucratic elites, as well as the development of military professionals, became more common among rulers who wanted to maintain centralized control over their populations and resources
Bureaucratic elites or military professionals:
- Ottoman devshirme
- Salaried samurai
Rulers continued to use religious ideas, art, and monumental architecture to legitimize their rule.
Religious ideas:
- Mexica practice of human sacrifice
- European notions of divine right
- Songhai promotion of Islam
Art and monumental architecture:
- Qing imperial portraits
- Incan sun temple of Cuzco
- Mughal mausolea and mosques
- European palaces, such as Versailles
All About the Safavid-Mughal Conflict for AP World History
The Safavid-Mughal fight is an illustrative example in the Expanding Empires topic of Unit 3 of AP Planet History. Read more about the Safavid-Mughal conflict below!
The Safavid-Mughal conflict of the 17th century was a pivotal geopolitical strife that unfolded between the Safavid Empire in Persia and the Mughal Empire in South Asia. Emerging as major Islamic powers in the early 16th century, the Safavids and Mughals common cultural and religious ties but were divided by the schism between Shi’a and Sunni Islam. This conflict was characterized by territorial disputes, religious dimensions, military engagements, and diplomatic maneuvers.
Originating from historical grievances and strategic ambitions, the Safavid-Mughal conflict revolved around contested territories, particularly in Central Asia and Afghanistan. Both empires sought to expand their influence and control over key trade routes, contributing to a complex web of geopolitical tensions. The religious divide between Shi’a Safavids and Sunni Mughals added a layer of complexity, influencing alliances and enmities in the pursuit of regional dominance.
The Mughal Empire
Garrin Abbott
Week 20-21: Muslim Empires and Asian Transitions IDs
At it's greatest height, the Mughal Empire controled most of the Indian subcontinent and parts of what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan. It was established in 1526 by the Timurid prince Babur, and continued to expand until about 1707, and survived as a nation until about 1857. Babur led Muslim armies made up of Mongol, Persian, Turkic, and Afghan warriors into the Indian subcontinent in the early 16th century, thus converting the many lands which he conquered into the during his five year rule before his death in 1530 into the Mughal Empire.
After Babur's five year reign ended, his son Humayun took control of the empire. The empire went through many fluctations under the rule of Humayun and the Mughal rulers who succeeded them, including Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb Alamgir, but was mainly going through a time of expansion under there rule which lasted from 1530 to the early 1700's. The empire began to enter a time of decline under Aurangzeb, as the bureaucracy had grown corrupt, and the Mughal armies becamer less disciplined and was using outdated weapons.
key term - Mughals
Definition
The Mughals were a powerful empire in South Asia, founded in the early 16th century by Babur after his victory at the First Battle of Panipat. Known for their significant contributions to art, architecture, and culture, the Mughal Empire expanded across much of the Indian subcontinent and became one of the most prominent land-based empires in history.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- The Mughal Empire reached its zenith under Aurangzeb in the late 17th century, extending its influence over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent.
- The Mughals are credited with blending Persian culture with local Indian traditions, resulting in a rich cultural synthesis evident in art, language, and cuisine.
- Mughal rulers utilized a centralized bureaucratic system that allowed them to effectively govern their vast territories while maintaining control over regional leaders.
- The empire faced significant challenges in the late 17th century, including internal dissent, economic difficulties, and pressure from emerging European powers.
- The Mughal Empire began to decline in the 18th century due to weak leadership and external invasions, ultimately paving the w
The Mughal Zamindar Tax Collection System for AP World History
The Mughal zamindar tax collection system is illustrative example in the Empires: Administration topic of Unit 3 of AP World History. Read more about the Mughal zamindar tax collection system below!
The Mughal Empire, spanning from the early 16th century to the mid-19th century, established a sophisticated system of tax collection that played a crucial role in sustaining the imperial administration. Central to this fiscal framework was the role of zamindars, local landowners and revenue collectors, who acted as intermediaries between the imperial treasury and the agricultural communities. The Mughal zamindar tax collection system was characterized by its complexity, efficiency, and impact on the economic landscape of the empire.
Zamindars, often drawn from the local elite, were granted the right to collect revenue from specific territories on behalf of the Mughal emperor. In return for this responsibility, zamindars were expected to remit a fixed share of the collected revenue to the imperial treasury. This delegation of tax collection to local intermediaries allowed for efficient administration across the v